Перевод 'kusala'

[Vladiimir]

PS Ссылка не работает. Где еще можно почитать эту статью?

Здесь:
http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/files/2010/04/cousins12.pdf

[Ассаджи]

Умелые способы поведения, при развитии, естественно переходят в умения (кусалатā).

Сангити сутта:

♦ "āpattikusalatā ca āpattivuṭṭhānakusalatā ca.

Proficiency as to offences and restoration from them.

♦ "samāpattikusalatā ca samāpattivuṭṭhānakusalatā ca.

Proficiency as to attainments and recovery from them (viz.: as to Jhāna).

♦ "dhātukusalatā ca manasikārakusalatā ca.

Proficiency in elements and in understanding them.

♦ "āyatanakusalatā ca paṭiccasamuppādakusalatā ca.

Proficiency in the (twelve) spheres of sense and in the (twelve factors of the) causal formula.

♦ "ṭhānakusalatā ca aṭṭhānakusalatā ca.

Proficiency in assigning specific causes, and in eliminating elements that are not causal [in a specific effect].

https://suttacentral.net/en/dn33


Дхамма Вагга в Ангуттара Никае:

♦ 97. "dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā. katame dve? dhātukusalatā ca manasikārakusalatā ca. ime kho, bhikkhave, dve dhammā"ti.

97. Bhikkhus, these are two things. What are the two? They are cleverness in elements and cleverness in attending to them.

♦ 98. "dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā. katame dve? āpattikusalatā ca āpattivuṭṭhānakusalatā ca. ime kho, bhikkhave, dve dhammā"ti.

98. Bhikkhus, these are two things. What are the two? They are cleverness in ecclestial offence, and cleverness in overcoming them.

http://awake.kiev.ua/dhamma/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara1/2-dukanipata/009-Dhammavaggo-e.html


Патисамбхидамагга:

satta samādhī — samādhikusalatā, samādhissa samāpattikusalatā, samādhissa ṭhitikusalatā, samādhissa vuṭṭhānakusalatā, samādhissa kallatākusalatā, samādhissa gocarakusalatā, samādhissa abhinīhārakusalatā.

Seven kinds of concentration: Skill in concentration, skill in attainment of concentration, skill in remaining in concentration, skill in emerging from concentration, skill in health of concentration, skill in the domain of concentration, skill in guiding concentration.

Такие умения описаны в одиннадцатой главе Вимуттимагги:

https://archive.org/stream/ArahantUpatossa-Vimuttimagga-PathOfFreedom.pdf/ArahantUpatissaEharaN.r.tr-PathOfFreedomvimuttimagga#page/n299/mode/2up/

[Ассаджи]

Благодаря досточтимому Праюдху Паютто в Комментарии нашлись глоссы по значениям этого слова в разных контекстах.

В Комментарии к Дхаммасангани:

Idāni kusalā dhammātiādīnaṃ mātikāpadānaṃ ayamanupubbapadavaṇṇanā – 'kusala'-saddo tāva  ārogyānavajjachekasukhavipākesu dissati.
Ayañhi ''kacci nu bhoto kusalaṃ, kacci bhoto anāmayan'tiādīsu (jā. 1.15.146; 2.20.129) ārogye dissati.
''Katamo pana, bhante, kāyasamācāro kusalo? Yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro anavajjo'ti (ma. ni. 2.361) ca, ''aparaṃ pana, bhante, etadānuttariyaṃ  yathā bhagavā dhammaṃ deseti kusalesu dhammesū'ti (dī. ni. 3.145) ca evamādīsu anavajje.
''Kusalo tvaṃ rathassa aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ'' (ma. ni. 2.87), ''kusalā naccagītassa sikkhitā cāturitthiyo'tiādīsu (jā. 2.22.94) cheke.
''Kusalānaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ samādānahetu'' (dī. ni. 3.80), ''kusalassa kammassa katattā upacitattā''tiādīsu (dha. sa. 431) sukhavipāke.
Svāyamidha ārogyepi anavajjepi sukhavipākepi vattati.

В Комментарии к Буддавансе:

samādhijjhānakusaloti ettha ayaṃ kusala-saddo tāva arogyānavajjachekasukhavipākādīsu dissati.
ayañhi "kacci nu bhoto kusalaṃ, kacci bhoto anāmayan"tiādīsu (jā. 1.15.146; 2.20.129) ārogye dissati.
"katamo pana, bhante, kāyasamācāro kusalo? yo kho, mahārāja, kāyasamācāro anavajjo"ti (ma. ni. 2.361) evamādīsu anavajje.
"kusalo tvaṃ rathassa aṅgapaccaṅgānan"tiādīsu (ma. ni. 2.87) cheke.
"kusalassa kammassa katattā upacitattā"tiādīsu (dha. sa. 431 ādayo) sukhavipāke.
idha pana cheke daṭṭhabbo.

В Бахитика сутте, (МН 88.1, ma. ni. 2.361) умелое телесное поведение (kāyasamācāro kusalo), определяется Буддой как "безупречное" (anavajjo).

В Абхаяраджакумара сутте (МН 58.1, ma. ni. 2.87) говорится об умении, искусности (cheke) в том, чтобы знать названия частей колесницы.

В несколько более позднем тексте, Дхаммасангани, это слово объясняется в Комментарии как "приводящее к счастливым результатам" (sukhavipāke).

А в еще более позднем тексте, Джатаке, в дополнение к "умению, искусности" (jā. 2.22.94), появляется значение "отсутствие болезней, здоровье, благополучие" (ārogye).

Об этом различии значений в Сутте, Абхидхамме и Джатаке говорится и в Комментарии к Сампасадания сутте Дигха Никаи:

kusalesu dhammesūti tāya desanāya desitesu kusalesu dhammesupi bhagavāva anuttaroti dīpeti. yā vā sā desanā, tassā bhūmiṃ dassentopi "kusalesu dhammesū"ti āha. tatrime kusalā dhammāti tatra kusalesu dhammesūti vuttapade ime kusalā dhammā nāmāti veditabbā. tattha ārogyaṭṭhena, anavajjaṭṭhena, kosallasambhūtaṭṭhena, niddarathaṭṭhena, sukhavipākaṭṭhenāti pañcadhā kusalaṃ veditabbaṃ. tesu jātakapariyāyaṃ patvā ārogyaṭṭhena kusalaṃ vaṭṭati. suttantapariyāyaṃ patvā anavajjaṭṭhena. abhidhammapariyāyaṃ patvā kosallasambhūtaniddarathasukhavipākaṭṭhena. imasmiṃ pana ṭhāne bāhitikasuttantapariyāyena (ma. ni. 2.358) anavajjaṭṭhena kusalaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.

(эта глосса обсуждается подробнее в вышеупомянутой статье Ленса Казинса).

Желаю вам ārogya и jhānakosalla!

KN Peṭ, 7. hārasampātabhūmi, para. 23 ⇒

78. tattha katamaṃ jhānakosallaṃ? samāpattikosallaṃ jhānakosallaṃ, jhānavisesakosallaṃ jhānakosallaṃ, jhānantarikakosallaṃ jhānakosallaṃ, samāpattivuṭṭhānakosallaṃ jhānakosallaṃ, jhāne sabhāvakosallaṃ jhānakosallaṃ, jhāne ādīnavakosallaṃ jhānakosallaṃ, jhāne nissaraṇakosallaṃ jhānakosallaṃ, jhānaphalena upādāya kosallaṃ, jhānaphalena paṭisaṅkhānaphale aparihānadhammatā nibbattijhāne ca kīḷitāpi visesabhāgiyaṃ jhānaṃ paṭilabbhati. idaṃ panassāti bhavahāritā ca ārammaṇānimittaggāho anabhinīhārabalaṃ, cittekaggatā nimittāsu gatisahitā samathabalena asaṃsīdanañca jhāne maggaphalaṃ samathaṃ pavatte samādhino upekkhāpalipubbāparanimittāsayo paggāhino satibalaṃ taṃ pavattitānañca vipassanānaṃ samaññābale.

617. (xii) Herein, what is skill in meditation ? Skill in attaining is skill in meditation, skill in distinction of meditations is skill in meditation, skill in succession of meditations is skill in meditation, skill in emerging from attainment is skill in meditation, skill in the meditations' individual essences is skill in meditation, skill in the meditations' disappointments is skill in meditation, skill in escape in the case of the meditations is skill in meditation.