Перевод "antarā-parinibbāyi(n)"

Автор Ассаджи, 10:40 21 августа 2020

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Ассаджи

Доброго времени, друзья!

Crimson пишет:

Цитата: CrimsonВ суттах же Никай не только упоминается промежуток между рождениями, но и упомянута возможность достичь ниббаны в этом промежутке: antaraparinibbayi, что известно в тибетской традиции в виде бардо смерти и освобождения в бардо смерти.

Значение этого сложного слова следующее:

antarā-parinibbāyi(n), m., a person who passes into nibbāna before the term, i. e. before having passed the first half of life, Pp 16,24-30 (Pp-a; mṭ)

https://cpd.uni-koeln.de/search?article_id=5774

Как объясняется в словаре Маргарет Коун:

antarā-parinibbāyi(n), m. [BHS antarā-parinirvāyin], one who realizes nibbāna beforehand, (before passing the midpoint of his term of life in a heaven); ...

Ассаджи

#1
Однако досточтимый Бхиккху Бодхи пишет в примечании 65 к переводу Сила сутты Бодджханга Санъютты (стр. 1902-1903):

Цитировать65   This fivefold typology of nonreturners recurs at 48:15, 24, 66; 51:26; 54:5; and 55:25. Spk explains the antarāparinibbāyī ("attainer of Nibbāna in the interval") as one reborn in the Pure Abodes who attains arahantship during the first half of the life span. This type is subdivided into three, depending on whether arahantship is reached: (i) on the very day of rebirth; (ii) after one or two hundred aeons have elapsed; or (iii) after four hundred aeons have elapsed. The upahaccaparinibbāyī ("attainer of Nibbāna upon landing") is explained as one who attains arahantship after passing the first half of the life span. For Spk, the asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī ("attainer without exertion") and the sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī ("attainer with exertion") then become two modes in which the first two types of nonreturners attain the goal. This explanation originates from Pp 16-17 (commented on at Pp-a 198-201). However, not only does this account of the first two types disregard the literal meaning of their names, but it also overrides the sequential and mutually exclusive nature of the five types as delineated elsewhere in the suttas (see below).

If we understand the term antarā-parinibbāyi literally, as it seems we should, it them means one who attains Nibbāna in the interval between two lives, perhaps while existing in a subtle body in the intermediate state. The upahaccaparinibbāyī then becomes one who attains Nibbāna "upon landing" or "striking ground" in the new existence, i.e., almost immediately after taking rebirth. The next two terms designate two types who attain arahantship in the course of the next life, distinguished by the amount of effort they must make to win the goal. The last, the uddhaṃsota akaniṭṭhagāmī, is one who takes rebirth in successive Pure Abodes, completes the full life span in each, and finally attains arahantship in the Akaniṭṭha realm, the highest Pure Abode.

This interpretation, adopted by several non-Theravāda schools of early Buddhism, seems to be confirmed by the Purisagati Sutta (AN IV 70-74), in which the simile of the flaming chip suggests that the seven types (including the three kinds of antarāparinibbāyī) are mutually exclusive and have been graded according to the sharpness of their faculties. Additional support comes from [Saṃyojana Sutta AN 4.131] AN II 134,25-29, which explains the antarā-parinibbāyi as one who has abandoned the fetter of rebirth (upapattisamyojana) without yet having abandoned the fetter of existence (bhavasamyojana). Though the Theravādin proponents argue against this interpretation of antarāparinibbāyī (e.g., at Kv 366), the evidence from the suttas leans strongly in its favour. For a detailed discussion, see Harvey, The Selfless Mind, pp. 98-108.

[Sasaṅkhāra Sutta AN 4.169] AN II 155-56 draws an alternative distinction between the sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī and the asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī: the former reaches arahantship through meditation on the "austere" meditation subjects such as the foulness of the body, the perception of the repulsiveness of food, discontent with the whole world, the perception of impermanence in all formations, and mindfulness of death; the latter, through the four jhānas.

https://books.google.com/books?id=HJCvh8aWI_wC&pg=PA1902&lpg=PA1902
https://books.google.com/books?id=MEA6AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1903&lpg=PA1903

Бхиккху Бодхи ссылается на книгу Питера Харви:

https://books.google.com/books?id=1azdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98