Pali Suffixes

-a
(-)

1. m. n. sg. voc. buddha, phala, rāja, brahma
2. n. sg. acc. kamma, nāma
3. aor. 1sg. 2sg. 3sg. addasa, alattha, avoca
4. imper. 2sg. labha, suṇa

-aṃ
(-iṃ,-uṃ,
-ṃ)

1. m. n. f. sg. acc. buddhaṃ, phalaṃ, gāthaṃ, rājaṃ
2. n. sg. nom. phalaṃ, kammaṃ
3. aor. 1sg. ajjhagaṃ, alatthaṃ, avocaṃ

-ato

→ to

-attha
(-ttha)

1. aor. 2pl. akattha, adattha
2. aor. 3sg. med. adattha, sūyattha

-anā,-ani

→ -nā, ni

-anīya (-nīya)

grd. stem. karaṇīya, gamanīya

-amha,
-amhase

aor. 1pl. akamha, akaramha, agamha, agamamha, alatthamha, akarămhase, ahumhase

-amhā,-amhi

→ -mhā, -mhi

-aya-
(= -e-)

1. caus. stem. kāraya-, gămaya-, bhāvaya-
2. denom. stem. kāmaya-, ghātaya-

-ăraṃ,
-ăra,
-arānaṃ,
-aresu,
-arehi

→ -raṃ,
-rā,
-ānaṃ,
-su,
-hi 1.

-aro

-ar m. f. pl. nom. voc. acc. pitaro, mātaro

-asā,-aso

→ -sā, -so

-asmā,
-asmiṃ

→ -smā,
-smiṃ

-assa,
-assaṃ,
-assā

→ -ssa,
-ssaṃ,
-ssā

-ā

1. m. n. sg. abl. buddhā, rūpā
2. m. pl. nom. voc. buddhā, rājā
3. f. sg. nom. kaññā, gāthā, sā
4. f. pl. nom. voc. acc. kaññā, gāthā, tā
5. m. f. sg. nom. rājā, bhagavā, āyasmā, arahā, satthā, pitā, mātā
6. aor. 2sg. 3sg. akā, akarā, agā, agamā

-āna

1. m. n. f. pl. dat. gen. buddhāna, ariya-saccāna
2. ppr. stem. karāna, kubbāna, esāna

-ānaṃ
(-īnaṃ,
-ūnaṃ)

1. m. n. f. pl. dat. gen. buddhānaṃ, phalānaṃ, gāthānaṃ
2. m. sg. acc. rājānaṃ, attānaṃ, brahmānaṃ

-āni
(-īni,-ūni)

n. pl. nom. voc. acc. phalāni, rūpāni, akkhīni, āyūni, tīni

-āpaya-
(-āpe-)

caus. stem. kārāpaya-, kārāpe-, gamāpe-, mārāpe-

-āya

f. sg. instr. abl. dat. gen. loc.kaññāya, gāthāya

-āya-(-e-)

denom. stem. piyāya-, saddāya-, sukhāya-

-āyaṃ

f. sg. loc. kaññāyaṃ, gāthāyaṃ

-āyo

f. pl. nom. voc. acc. kaññāyo, gāthāyo

-āvin

katāvin, sutāvin

-āsaṃ

→ assaṃ

-āsu,-āhi

f. pl. loc. instr. abl. → -su, -hi

-i

1. (-) m. n. f. sg. nom. voc. aggi, akkhi, jāti
2. (-ti, -ni, -ri, -si, -yi) m. n. sg. loc. guṇavati, bhagavati, kammani, hatthini, manasi, pitari, mayi
3. aor. 1sg. 2sg. 3sg. labhi, āsi, aggahi

-iṃ

1. → -ṃ
2. aor. 1sg. labhiṃ, alabhiṃ, āsiṃ, gaṇhiṃ, aggahiṃ

-iṃsu

aor. 3pl. kariṃsu, āsiṃsu, gaṇhimsu

-ito

→ -to

-ittha

1. aor. 2pl. āsittha, gaṇhittha, pasārayittha
2. aor. 3sg. med. pucchittha, alabhittha, pasārayittha

-ittho

aor. 2sg. med. pucchittho, amaññittho

-in

suf. hatthin, vādin

-ima,-imhă

aor. 1pl. labhima, labhimhā, āsimha, upasaṅkamimha, sakkimha

-imhā,-imhi

→ -mhā, -mhi

-ĭya-
(-iyya-)

1. pass. stem. karĭya-, kariyya-, pucchĭya, posiya, māriya
2. denom. stem. aṭṭĭya, samādhĭya

-iyaṃ,-iyā

→ -yaṃ, - yā

-isaṃ

aor. 1sg. icchisaṃ, agacchisaṃ, dakkhisaṃ

-isuṃ

aor. 3pl. acărisuṃ, abhuñjisuṃ, pucchisuṃ

-ismā,
-ismiṃ

→ -smā,
-smiṃ

-issa-

fut. stem. karissa-, gamissa-, labhissa-

-issaṃ

1. aor. 1sg. agamissaṃ, apucchissaṃ, sakkhissaṃ
2. fut. 1sg. karissaṃ, bhavissaṃ
3. cond. 1 sg. abhavissaṃ

-ī

1. f. sg. nom. nadī, devī
2. f. pl. nom. voc. acc. nadī, devī
3. -in m. sg. nom. hatthī, pakkhī, vādī
4. aor. 2sg. agamī, gilī

-īnaṃ

→ -ānaṃ

-īya-
(-iya-,-iyya-)

1. pass. stem. gaṇhīya-, cīya-, pīya-
2. denom. stem. puttīya-, balīya-, hirĭya-

-īsu,-īhi

→ -su, -hi

-u

1. m. n. f. sg. nom. voc. bhikkhu, cakkhu, dhenu
2. -ar m. f. sg. dat. gen. satthu, pitu, mātu
3. aor. 2sg. 3sg. ahu, assu

-uṃ

1. m. n. f. sg. acc. bhikkhuṃ, cakkhuṃ, dhenuṃ
2. n. sg. nom. cakkhuṃ, assuṃ, āyuṃ
3. aor. 3pl. akaruṃ, aguṃ, gacchuṃ, avocuṃ, avacuṃ

-unā,
-uno,
-umhā,
-umhi

→ -nā,
-no,
-mhā,
-mhi

-uyaṃ,
-uyā,
-uyo

→ -yaṃ,
-yā,
-yo

-usaṃ,
-usā,
-usmā,
-usmiṃ,
-ussa

→ -saṃ,
-sā,
-smā,
-smiṃ,
-ssa

-ū

1. m. n. f. sg. nom. abhibhū, pāragū
2. m. f. pl. nom. voc. acc. bhikkhū, pāragū, dhenū
3. aor. 2sg. 3sg. ahū
4. aor. 3pl. ahū, agū

-ūnaṃ,-ūni

→ -ānaṃ, -āni

-ūbhi,-ūhi

→ -bhi, -hi 1.

-e

1. m. n. sg. loc. buddhe, phale, raññe
2. m. pl. acc. buddhe, dhamme
3. f. sg. voc. kaññe, gāthe
4. pron. m. pl. nom. acc. te, sabbe
5. pr. 1sg. med. kubbe, labhe
6. imper. 1sg. med. kubbe, labhe
7. opt. 1sg. 3sg. kubbe, kare, labhe

-e-(-aya-)

1. caus. stem. kāre-, gāhe, gaṇhe-
2. denom. stem. kāme-, gaṇe-, ghāte-

-etha

opt. 3sg. med. kubbetha, rakkhetha

-etho

opt. 2sg. med. kubbetho cf. āgaccheyyātho

-ena

m. n. sg. instr. buddhena, phalena, kena

-ema,-emu

opt. 1pl. dakkhema, jānemu, suṇemu

-eyya

1. grd. stem. labheyya, laddheyya, bhaveyya
2. opt. 3sg. kareyya, kubbeyya, deyya, dadeyya

-eyyaṃ

opt. 1sg. kareyyaṃ, dadeyyaṃ

-eyyāma

opt. 1pl. kareyyāma

-eyyāsi

opt. 2sg. kareyyāsi, āhareyyāsi

-eraṃ

opt. 3pl. med. kubberaṃ, gaccheraṃ

-esaṃ
(-āsaṃf.)

pron. m. n. pl. dat. gen. tesaṃ, sabbesaṃ

-esānaṃ
(-āsānaṃ f.)

pron. m. n. pl. dat. gen. tesānaṃ, sabbesānaṃ

-esu (m. n.),
-ehi (m. n.)

→ -su,
-hi 1.

-o

1. m. sg. nom. buddho, dhammo, so, sabbo
2. m. n. f. sg. nom. voc. acc. mano, vaco, pitaro, mātaro

-ṃ(-aṃ,
-iṃ,-uṃ)

1. m. n. f. sg. acc. buddhaṃ, akkhiṃ, nadiṃ, bhikkhuṃ
2. n. sg. nom. phalaṃ, kammaṃ, akkhiṃ, assuṃ
3. -at m. sg. nom. arahaṃ, bhavaṃ, gacchaṃ, passaṃ
4. aor. 1sg. akaṃ, akaraṃ, agaṃ, agamaṃ
5. fut. 1sg. kassaṃ, karissaṃ, bhavissaṃ, hessaṃ

-cca

=-tya

-ta

pp. stem. kata, gata

-taṃ

1. m. n. pl. dat. gen. arahataṃ, guṇavataṃ, gacchataṃ
2. imper. 3sg. med. kurutaṃ, labhataṃ

-tabba

grd. stem. kattabba, kātabba, gantabba, gamitabba

-tave

infin. kātave, gantave

-tā (-ā)

m. n. sg. instr. abl. bhagavatā, arahatā, gacchatā

-tāya

grd. stem. lajjitāya, daṭṭhāya

-ti

1. (-i) m. n. sg. loc. bhagavati, arahati, guṇavati
2. pres. 3sg. karoti, gacchati
3. fut. 3sg. karissati, gamissati, gacchissati

-tu

1. imper. 3sg. karotu, gacchatu
2. infin. kattu, gantu

-tuṃ

infin. kātuṃ, kattuṃ, bhavituṃ, hotuṃ

-tuye

infin. kātuye, hetuye, marituye

-tūna

ger. kātūna, kattūna, gantūna

-te

1. pres. 3sg. med. kurute, kubbate, labhate
2. fut. 3sg. med. karissate, labhissate

-to

1. (-ato) m. n. f. sg. abl. buddhato, phalato, kaññato
2. -at m. n. sg. dat. gen. bhagavato, arahato, gacchato

-tthaṃ

aor. 1sg. alabhitthaṃ, asayitthaṃ

-tya (-cca)

ger. kacca, paṭicca, vivicca

-tvā,-tvāna

ger. katvā, katvāna, gantvā, gamitvā, gantvāna

-tha

1. pres. 2pl. karotha, gacchatha
2. fut. 2pl. karissatha, gamissatha
3. imper. 2pl. karotha, gacchatha
4. aor. 2pl. adatha, addasatha
5. aor. 3sg. med. apucchatha, abhāsatha, avocatha

-na

pp. stem. dinna, khīṇa, hīna

-nā

m. n. sg. instr. abl. agginā, bhikkhunā, brahmanā, brahmunā, kammanā, kammunā, satthunā

-ni

1. → -āni
2. (-i), m. n. sg. loc. rājini, kammani, hatthini, āyuni, cakkhuni

-nīya

→ -anīya

-no

1. m. n. sg. dat. gen. aggino, bhikkhuno, attano, brahmano, brahmuno, kammuno, satthuno
2. m. pl. nom. voc. acc. sakhāno, sakhino, attāno, rājāno, hatthino

-nta

ppr. stem. karonta, gacchanta

-ntaṃ

imper. 3pl. med. kubbantaṃ, labhantaṃ

-ntā

m. pl. nom. voc. arahantā, guṇavantā, gacchantā

-ntāni

n. pl. nom. voc. acc. guṇavantāni

-nti

1. pres. 3pl. karonti, gacchanti
2. fut. 3pl. karissanti, gamissanti

-ntu

imper. 3pl. karontu, gacchantu

-nte

1. m. pl. acc. arahante, guṇavante
2. pres. 3pl. med. kubbante, labhante
3. fut. 3pl. med. karissante, labhissante

-nto

m. pl. nom. voc. acc. arahanto, guṇavanto

-pe-(-paya-)

caus. stem. kārāpe-, kārāpaya-, gamāpe (-paya-),

-bhi

m. n. f. pl. instr. abl. buddhebhi, gāthābhi

-ma

1. pres. 1pl. karoma, gacchāma
2. fut. 1pl. karissāma, gamissāma
3. imper. 1pl. karoma, gacchāma

-maṃ

→ -ṃ 1

-mat,-mant

suf. pāpimant, satimant

-mataṃ,
-matā,
-mati,
-mato

→ taṃ 1,
-tā,
-ti 1,
-to 2

-mantaṃ,
-mantā,
-mante,
-manto

→ -ṃ 1,
-ā 2,
-e 1, 2,
-o 1

-mase
(-amase)

1. pres. 1pl. med. labhāmase, asmase
2. imper. 1pl. med. labhāmase, kubbāmase

-mā

→ -ā 5

-māna

ppr. stem. kurumāna, gacchamāna, labbhamāna

-mi

1. pres. 1sg. karomi, gacchāmi
2. fut. 1sg. karissāmi, gamissāmi
3. imper. 1sg. karomi, gacchāmi

-mhā
(-amhā)

m. n. sg. abl. buddhamhā, phalamhā, tamhā

-mhi (-amhi)

m. n. sg. loc. buddhamhi, phalamhi, tamhi

-mhe

1. pres. 1pl. med. kurumhe, kubbămhe, labhămhe
2. fut. 1pl. med. karissāmhe, labhissāmhe

-ya

1. ger. kariya, kiriya, jāniya, nisīdiya
2. grd. stem. kāriya, kayira, vākya, vajja

-ya-

1. pass. stem. ñāya-, nīya-, ḍayha- (ḍahya-)
2. denom. stem. namassa- (=namasya-), tapassa-

-yaṃ

1. f. sg. loc. gāthāyaṃ, jātiyaṃ, dhenuyaṃ, mātuyaṃ
2. opt. 1sg. siyaṃ, assaṃ (asyaṃ), dajjaṃ (dadyaṃ)

-yā

1. f. sg. instr. abl. dat. gen. loc. jātiyā, dhenuyā, nadiyā, mātuyā
2. opt. 3sg. siyā, jāniyā, jaññā

-ye

opt. 3sg. kubbaye, ānaye

-raṃ

-ar m. f. sg. acc. satthăraṃ, pitaraṃ, mātaraṃ

-rā

-ar m. f. sg. instr. abl. satthărā, pitarā, mātarā

-ruṃ

aor. 3pl. med. amaññaruṃ

-re

1. pres. 3pl. med. labhare
2. fut. 3pl. med. karissare
3. aor. 3pl. med. abajjhare

-va, vaṃ

→ -a, -aṃ

-vat,-vant

1. suf. bhagavat, guṇavat
2. katavat, sutavat

-vataṃ,
-vatā,
-vati,
-vato

→ -taṃ 1,
-tā,
-ti 1,
-to 2

-vhe

1. pres. 2pl. med. kubbăvhe, labhavhe
2. fut. 2pl. med. karissavhe, labhissavhe

-vho

imper. 2pl. med. kuruvho, labhavho

-saṃ

n. pl. dat. gen. āyusaṃ

-sā

-as, -us n. sg. instr. abl. manasā, vacasā, āyusā

-sānaṃ

pron. pl. dat. gen. tesānaṃ, tāsānaṃ, sabbesānaṃ, sabbāsānaṃ

-si

1. pres. 2 sg. karosi, kubbasi, labhasi
2. fut. 2sg. karissasi, kāhasi, labhissasi, lacchasi
3. aor. 1sg. 2sg. 3sg. akāsi, cintesi

-siṃ

aor. 1sg. akāsiṃ, cintesiṃ

-sittha

aor. 2pl. akāsittha, ahosittha

-simha

aor. 1pl. aggahesimha, adāsimha

-su
(-esu,-āsu,
-īsu,-ūsu)

m. n. f. pl. loc. buddhesu, phalesu, gāthāsu, nadīsu, bhikkhŭsu, tesu, tāsu

-suṃ

aor. 3pl. akāsuṃ, ahesuṃ, pucchisuṃ

-se

1. pres. 2sg. med. kuruse, kubbase, labhase
2. fut. 2sg. med. karissase, labhissase

-so

-as, -us n. sg. dat. gen. manaso, vacaso, āyuso

-smā (-asmā)

m. n. sg. abl. buddhasmā, phalasmā, tasmā

-smiṃ
(-asmiṃ)

m. n. sg. loc. buddhasmiṃ, phalasmiṃ, tasmiṃ

-ssa

1. (-assa) m. n. sg. dat. gen. buddhassa, phalassa, tassa
2. cond. 2sg. 3sg. akarissa, abhavissa

-ssa-

fut. stem. karissa-, gamissa-

-ssaṃ

1. pron. f. sg. loc. tassaṃ, tissaṃ, kassaṃ, sabbassaṃ
2. fut. 1sg. karissaṃ, kassaṃ, bhavissaṃ, hessaṃ
3. cond. 3pl. abhavissaṃ

-ssaṃsu

cond. 3pl. abhavissaṃsu

-ssatha

1. fut. 2pl. karissatha, bhavissatha, hessatha
2. cond. 3sg. med. alabhissatha, nibbattissattha

-ssati,
-ssanti,
-ssasi

→ -ti,
-nti,
-si

-ssā

pron. f. sg. dat. gen. tassā, sabbassā

-ssāma

1. fut. 1pl. karissāma, bhavissāma, hessāma
2. cond. 1pl. āgamissāma, alabhissāma

-ssāmi

→ -mi

-ssu

imper. 2sg. med. kurussu, karassu, labhassu

-ha-,-hi-
(-ssa-)

fut. stem. kāha-, hāha-, hehi-, hohi-, hāhi- (<har, hṛ)

-hi

1. (-ehi,-āhi,-īhi,-ūhi) m. n. f. pl. instr. abl. buddhehi, phalehi, gāthāhi, nadīhi, bhikkhŭhi, tehi, tāhi
2. imper. 2sg. karohi, labhăhi