Pali Suffixes
(from the Pali Dictionary by Kogen Mizuno)
-a (-) |
1. m. n. sg. voc. buddha, phala, rāja, brahma 2. n. sg. acc. kamma, nāma 3. aor. 1sg. 2sg. 3sg. addasa, alattha, avoca 4. imper. 2sg. labha, su.na |
-a.m (-i.m,-u.m, -.m) |
1. m. n. f. sg. acc. buddha.m, phala.m, gātha.m, rāja.m 2. n. sg. nom. phala.m, kamma.m 3. aor. 1sg. ajjhaga.m, alattha.m, avoca.m |
-ato |
→ to |
-attha (-ttha) |
1. aor. 2pl. akattha, adattha 2. aor. 3sg. med. adattha, sūyattha |
-anā,-ani |
→ -nā, ni |
-anīya (-nīya) |
grd. stem. kara.nīya, gamanīya |
-amha, -amhase |
aor. 1pl. akamha, akaramha, agamha, agamamha, alatthamha, akarămhase, ahumhase |
-amhā,-amhi |
→ -mhā, -mhi |
-aya- (= -e-) |
1. caus. stem. kāraya-, gămaya-, bhāvaya- 2. denom. stem. kāmaya-, ghātaya- |
-ăra.m, -ăra, -arāna.m, -aresu, -arehi |
→ -ra.m, -rā, -āna.m, -su, -hi 1. |
-aro |
-ar m. f. pl. nom. voc. acc. pitaro, mātaro |
-asā,-aso |
→ -sā, -so |
-asmā, -asmi.m |
→ -smā, -smi.m |
-assa, -assa.m, -assā |
→ -ssa, -ssa.m, -ssā |
-ā |
1. m. n. sg. abl. buddhā, rūpā 2. m. pl. nom. voc. buddhā, rājā 3. f. sg. nom. kaññā, gāthā, sā 4. f. pl. nom. voc. acc. kaññā, gāthā, tā 5. m. f. sg. nom. rājā, bhagavā, āyasmā, arahā, satthā, pitā, mātā 6. aor. 2sg. 3sg. akā, akarā, agā, agamā |
-āna |
1. m. n. f. pl. dat. gen. buddhāna, ariya-saccāna 2. ppr. stem. karāna, kubbāna, esāna |
-āna.m (-īna.m, -ūna.m) |
1. m. n. f. pl. dat. gen. buddhāna.m, phalāna.m, gāthāna.m 2. m. sg. acc. rājāna.m, attāna.m, brahmāna.m |
-āni (-īni,-ūni) |
n. pl. nom. voc. acc. phalāni, rūpāni, akkhīni, āyūni, tīni |
-āpaya- (-āpe-) |
caus. stem. kārāpaya-, kārāpe-, gamāpe-, mārāpe- |
-āya |
f. sg. instr. abl. dat. gen. loc.kaññāya, gāthāya |
-āya-(-e-) |
denom. stem. piyāya-, saddāya-, sukhāya- |
-āya.m |
f. sg. loc. kaññāya.m, gāthāya.m |
-āyo |
f. pl. nom. voc. acc. kaññāyo, gāthāyo |
-āvin |
katāvin, sutāvin |
-āsa.m |
→ assa.m |
-āsu,-āhi |
f. pl. loc. instr. abl. → -su, -hi |
-i |
1. (-) m. n. f. sg. nom. voc. aggi, akkhi, jāti 2. (-ti, -ni, -ri, -si, -yi) m. n. sg. loc. gu.navati, bhagavati, kammani, hatthini, manasi, pitari, mayi 3. aor. 1sg. 2sg. 3sg. labhi, āsi, aggahi |
-i.m |
1. → -.m 2. aor. 1sg. labhi.m, alabhi.m, āsi.m, ga.nhi.m, aggahi.m |
-i.msu |
aor. 3pl. kari.msu, āsi.msu, ga.nhimsu |
-ito |
→ -to |
-ittha |
1. aor. 2pl. āsittha, ga.nhittha, pasārayittha 2. aor. 3sg. med. pucchittha, alabhittha, pasārayittha |
-ittho |
aor. 2sg. med. pucchittho, amaññittho |
-in |
suf. hatthin, vādin |
-ima,-imhă |
aor. 1pl. labhima, labhimhā, āsimha, upasa'nkamimha, sakkimha |
-imhā,-imhi |
→ -mhā, -mhi |
-ĭya- (-iyya-) |
1. pass. stem. karĭya-, kariyya-, pucchĭya, posiya, māriya 2. denom. stem. a.t.tĭya, samādhĭya |
-iya.m,-iyā |
→ -ya.m, - yā |
-isa.m |
aor. 1sg. icchisa.m, agacchisa.m, dakkhisa.m |
-isu.m |
aor. 3pl. acărisu.m, abhuñjisu.m, pucchisu.m |
-ismā, -ismi.m |
→ -smā, -smi.m |
-issa- |
fut. stem. karissa-, gamissa-, labhissa- |
-issa.m |
1. aor. 1sg. agamissa.m, apucchissa.m, sakkhissa.m 2. fut. 1sg. karissa.m, bhavissa.m 3. cond. 1 sg. abhavissa.m |
-ī |
1. f. sg. nom. nadī, devī 2. f. pl. nom. voc. acc. nadī, devī 3. -in m. sg. nom. hatthī, pakkhī, vādī 4. aor. 2sg. agamī, gilī |
-īna.m |
→ -āna.m |
-īya- (-iya-,-iyya-) |
1. pass. stem. ga.nhīya-, cīya-, pīya- 2. denom. stem. puttīya-, balīya-, hirĭya- |
-īsu,-īhi |
→ -su, -hi |
-u |
1. m. n. f. sg. nom. voc. bhikkhu, cakkhu, dhenu 2. -ar m. f. sg. dat. gen. satthu, pitu, mātu 3. aor. 2sg. 3sg. ahu, assu |
-u.m |
1. m. n. f. sg. acc. bhikkhu.m, cakkhu.m, dhenu.m 2. n. sg. nom. cakkhu.m, assu.m, āyu.m 3. aor. 3pl. akaru.m, agu.m, gacchu.m, avocu.m, avacu.m |
-unā, -uno, -umhā, -umhi |
→ -nā, -no, -mhā, -mhi |
-uya.m, -uyā, -uyo |
→ -ya.m, -yā, -yo |
-usa.m, -usā, -usmā, -usmi.m, -ussa |
→ -sa.m, -sā, -smā, -smi.m, -ssa |
-ū |
1. m. n. f. sg. nom. abhibhū, pāragū 2. m. f. pl. nom. voc. acc. bhikkhū, pāragū, dhenū 3. aor. 2sg. 3sg. ahū 4. aor. 3pl. ahū, agū |
-ūna.m,-ūni |
→ -āna.m, -āni |
-ūbhi,-ūhi |
→ -bhi, -hi 1. |
-e |
1. m. n. sg. loc. buddhe, phale, raññe 2. m. pl. acc. buddhe, dhamme 3. f. sg. voc. kaññe, gāthe 4. pron. m. pl. nom. acc. te, sabbe 5. pr. 1sg. med. kubbe, labhe 6. imper. 1sg. med. kubbe, labhe 7. opt. 1sg. 3sg. kubbe, kare, labhe |
-e-(-aya-) |
1. caus. stem. kāre-, gāhe, ga.nhe- 2. denom. stem. kāme-, ga.ne-, ghāte- |
-etha |
opt. 3sg. med. kubbetha, rakkhetha |
-etho |
opt. 2sg. med. kubbetho cf. āgaccheyyātho |
-ena |
m. n. sg. instr. buddhena, phalena, kena |
-ema,-emu |
opt. 1pl. dakkhema, jānemu, su.nemu |
-eyya |
1. grd. stem. labheyya, laddheyya, bhaveyya 2. opt. 3sg. kareyya, kubbeyya, deyya, dadeyya |
-eyya.m |
opt. 1sg. med. kareyya.m, dadeyya.m |
-eyyāma |
opt. 1pl. kareyyāma |
-eyyāsi |
opt. 2sg. kareyyāsi, āhareyyāsi |
-era.m |
opt. 3pl. med. kubbera.m, gacchera.m |
-esa.m (-āsa.mf.) |
pron. m. n. pl. dat. gen. tesa.m, sabbesa.m |
-esāna.m (-āsāna.m f.) |
pron. m. n. pl. dat. gen. tesāna.m, sabbesāna.m |
-esu (m. n.), -ehi (m. n.) |
→ -su, -hi 1. |
-o |
1. m. sg. nom. buddho, dhammo, so, sabbo 2. m. n. f. sg. nom. voc. acc. mano, vaco, pitaro, mātaro |
-.m(-a.m, -i.m,-u.m) |
1. m. n. f. sg. acc. buddha.m, akkhi.m, nadi.m, bhikkhu.m 2. n. sg. nom. phala.m, kamma.m, akkhi.m, assu.m 3. -at m. sg. nom. araha.m, bhava.m, gaccha.m, passa.m 4. aor. 1sg. aka.m, akara.m, aga.m, agama.m 5. fut. 1sg. kassa.m, karissa.m, bhavissa.m, hessa.m |
-cca |
=-tya |
-ta |
pp. stem. kata, gata |
-ta.m |
1. m. n. pl. dat. gen. arahata.m, gu.navata.m, gacchata.m 2. imper. 3sg. med. kuruta.m, labhata.m |
-tabba |
grd. stem. kattabba, kātabba, gantabba, gamitabba |
-tave |
infin. kātave, gantave |
-tā (-ā) |
m. n. sg. instr. abl. bhagavatā, arahatā, gacchatā |
-tāya |
grd. stem. lajjitāya, da.t.thāya |
-ti |
1. (-i) m. n. sg. loc. bhagavati, arahati, gu.navati 2. pres. 3sg. karoti, gacchati 3. fut. 3sg. karissati, gamissati, gacchissati |
-tu |
1. imper. 3sg. karotu, gacchatu 2. infin. kattu, gantu |
-tu.m |
infin. kātu.m, kattu.m, bhavitu.m, hotu.m |
-tuye |
infin. kātuye, hetuye, marituye |
-tūna |
ger. kātūna, kattūna, gantūna |
-te |
1. pres. 3sg. med. kurute, kubbate, labhate 2. fut. 3sg. med. karissate, labhissate |
-to |
1. (-ato) m. n. f. sg. abl. buddhato, phalato, kaññato 2. -at m. n. sg. dat. gen. bhagavato, arahato, gacchato |
-ttha.m |
aor. 1sg. alabhittha.m, asayittha.m |
-tya (-cca) |
ger. kacca, pa.ticca, vivicca |
-tvā,-tvāna |
ger. katvā, katvāna, gantvā, gamitvā, gantvāna |
-tha |
1. pres. 2pl. karotha, gacchatha 2. fut. 2pl. karissatha, gamissatha 3. imper. 2pl. karotha, gacchatha 4. aor. 2pl. adatha, addasatha 5. aor. 3sg. med. apucchatha, abhāsatha, avocatha |
-na |
pp. stem. dinna, khī.na, hīna |
-nā |
m. n. sg. instr. abl. agginā, bhikkhunā, brahmanā, brahmunā, kammanā, kammunā, satthunā |
-ni |
1. → -āni 2. (-i), m. n. sg. loc. rājini, kammani, hatthini, āyuni, cakkhuni |
-nīya |
→ -anīya |
-no |
1. m. n. sg. dat. gen. aggino, bhikkhuno, attano, brahmano, brahmuno, kammuno, satthuno 2. m. pl. nom. voc. acc. sakhāno, sakhino, attāno, rājāno, hatthino |
-nta |
ppr. stem. karonta, gacchanta |
-nta.m |
imper. 3pl. med. kubbanta.m, labhanta.m |
-ntā |
m. pl. nom. voc. arahantā, gu.navantā, gacchantā |
-ntāni |
n. pl. nom. voc. acc. gu.navantāni |
-nti |
1. pres. 3pl. karonti, gacchanti 2. fut. 3pl. karissanti, gamissanti |
-ntu |
imper. 3pl. karontu, gacchantu |
-nte |
1. m. pl. acc. arahante, gu.navante 2. pres. 3pl. med. kubbante, labhante 3. fut. 3pl. med. karissante, labhissante |
-nto |
m. pl. nom. voc. acc. arahanto, gu.navanto |
-pe-(-paya-) |
caus. stem. kārāpe-, kārāpaya-, gamāpe (-paya-), |
-bhi |
m. n. f. pl. instr. abl. buddhebhi, gāthābhi |
-ma |
1. pres. 1pl. karoma, gacchāma 2. fut. 1pl. karissāma, gamissāma 3. imper. 1pl. karoma, gacchāma |
-ma.m |
→ -.m 1 |
-mat,-mant |
suf. pāpimant, satimant |
-mata.m, -matā, -mati, -mato |
→ ta.m 1, -tā, -ti 1, -to 2 |
-manta.m, -mantā, -mante, -manto |
→ -.m 1, -ā 2, -e 1, 2, -o 1 |
-mase (-amase) |
1. pres. 1pl. med. labhāmase, asmase 2. imper. 1pl. med. labhāmase, kubbāmase |
-mā |
→ -ā 5 |
-māna |
ppr. stem. kurumāna, gacchamāna, labbhamāna |
-mi |
1. pres. 1sg. karomi, gacchāmi 2. fut. 1sg. karissāmi, gamissāmi 3. imper. 1sg. karomi, gacchāmi |
-mhā (-amhā) |
m. n. sg. abl. buddhamhā, phalamhā, tamhā |
-mhi (-amhi) |
m. n. sg. loc. buddhamhi, phalamhi, tamhi |
-mhe |
1. pres. 1pl. med. kurumhe, kubbămhe, labhămhe 2. fut. 1pl. med. karissāmhe, labhissāmhe |
-ya |
1. ger. kariya, kiriya, jāniya, nisīdiya 2. grd. stem. kāriya, kayira, vākya, vajja |
-ya- |
1. pass. stem. ñāya-, nīya-, .dayha- (.dahya-) 2. denom. stem. namassa- (=namasya-), tapassa- |
-ya.m |
1. f. sg. loc. gāthāya.m, jātiya.m, dhenuya.m, mātuya.m 2. opt. 1sg. siya.m, assa.m (asya.m), dajja.m (dadya.m) |
-yā |
1. f. sg. instr. abl. dat. gen. loc. jātiyā, dhenuyā, nadiyā, mātuyā 2. opt. 3sg. siyā, jāniyā, jaññā |
-ye |
opt. 3sg. kubbaye, ānaye |
-ra.m |
-ar m. f. sg. acc. satthăra.m, pitara.m, mātara.m |
-rā |
-ar m. f. sg. instr. abl. satthărā, pitarā, mātarā |
-ru.m |
aor. 3pl. med. amaññaru.m |
-re |
1. pres. 3pl. med. labhare 2. fut. 3pl. med. karissare 3. aor. 3pl. med. abajjhare |
-va, va.m |
→ -a, -a.m |
-vat,-vant |
1. suf. bhagavat, gu.navat 2. katavat, sutavat |
-vata.m, -vatā, -vati, -vato |
→ -ta.m 1, -tā, -ti 1, -to 2 |
-vhe |
1. pres. 2pl. med. kubbăvhe, labhavhe 2. fut. 2pl. med. karissavhe, labhissavhe |
-vho |
imper. 2pl. med. kuruvho, labhavho |
-sa.m |
n. pl. dat. gen. āyusa.m |
-sā |
-as, -us n. sg. instr. abl. manasā, vacasā, āyusā |
-sāna.m |
pron. pl. dat. gen. tesāna.m, tāsāna.m, sabbesāna.m, sabbāsāna.m |
-si |
1. pres. 2 sg. karosi, kubbasi, labhasi 2. fut. 2sg. karissasi, kāhasi, labhissasi, lacchasi 3. aor. 1sg. 2sg. 3sg. akāsi, cintesi |
-si.m |
aor. 1sg. akāsi.m, cintesi.m |
-sittha |
aor. 2pl. akāsittha, ahosittha |
-simha |
aor. 1pl. aggahesimha, adāsimha |
-su (-esu,-āsu, -īsu,-ūsu) |
m. n. f. pl. loc. buddhesu, phalesu, gāthāsu, nadīsu, bhikkhŭsu, tesu, tāsu |
-su.m |
aor. 3pl. akāsu.m, ahesu.m, pucchisu.m |
-se |
1. pres. 2sg. med. kuruse, kubbase, labhase 2. fut. 2sg. med. karissase, labhissase |
-so |
-as, -us n. sg. dat. gen. manaso, vacaso, āyuso |
-smā (-asmā) |
m. n. sg. abl. buddhasmā, phalasmā, tasmā |
-smi.m (-asmi.m) |
m. n. sg. loc. buddhasmi.m, phalasmi.m, tasmi.m |
-ssa |
1. (-assa) m. n. sg. dat. gen. buddhassa, phalassa, tassa 2. cond. 2sg. 3sg. akarissa, abhavissa |
-ssa- |
fut. stem. karissa-, gamissa- |
-ssa.m |
1. pron. f. sg. loc. tassa.m, tissa.m, kassa.m, sabbassa.m 2. fut. 1sg. karissa.m, kassa.m, bhavissa.m, hessa.m 3. cond. 3pl. abhavissa.m |
-ssa.msu |
cond. 3pl. abhavissa.msu |
-ssatha |
1. fut. 2pl. karissatha, bhavissatha, hessatha 2. cond. 3sg. med. alabhissatha, nibbattissattha |
-ssati, -ssanti, -ssasi |
→ -ti, -nti, -si |
-ssā |
pron. f. sg. dat. gen. tassā, sabbassā |
-ssāma |
1. fut. 1pl. karissāma, bhavissāma, hessāma 2. cond. 1pl. āgamissāma, alabhissāma |
-ssāmi |
→ -mi |
-ssu |
imper. 2sg. med. kurussu, karassu, labhassu |
-ha-,-hi- (-ssa-) |
fut. stem. kāha-, hāha-, hehi-, hohi-, hāhi- (<har, h.r) |
-hi |
1. (-ehi,-āhi,-īhi,-ūhi) m. n. f. pl. instr. abl. buddhehi, phalehi, gāthāhi, nadīhi, bhikkhŭhi, tehi, tāhi 2. imper. 2sg. karohi, labhăhi |